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TIM-3 – Galectin-9 Pathway
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-3 (TIM-3; HAVcr-2) is an immune checkpoint receptor involved in the suppression of both innate and adaptive immune cells. It is expressed on a wide variety of immune cells, including cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), natural killer (NK) cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs). TIM-3 suppresses effector cells through the interaction with a broad array of ligands: carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), galectin-9, phosphatidylserine (PS) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Blockade of TIM-3 can rescue NK-cell activity, promotes tumor antigen processing and reinvigorates exhausted T cells, restoring their proliferation and function.
LIT: Tim-3 and its role in regulating anti-tumor immunity: M. Das, et al.; Immunol. Rev. 276, 97 (2017) • TIM-3, a promising target for cancer immunotherapy: Y. He, et al.; Onco Targets Ther. 11, 7005 (2018)
Biologically Active TIM-3 and Galectin-9 Proteins
| Product Name | PID | Source | Endotoxin | Species |
| Galectin-9 (human):Fc (human) (rec.) | CHI-HF-210GAL9 | HEK 293 cells | <0.005EU/µg | Human |
| HMGB1 (human) (rec.) (His) | CHI-HR-200HMGB1 | E. coli | <0.1EU/µg | Human |
| HMGB1 (rat) (rec.) (His) | CHI-RR-300HMGB1 | E. coli | <0.1EU/µg | Rat |
| HMGB1 (rat):Fc (human) (rec.) | CHI-RF-311HMGB1 | CHO cells | <0.06EU/µg | Rat |
| Tim-3 (mouse):Fc (mouse) (rec.) | CHI-MF-110T3 | HEK 293 cells | <0.005EU/µg | Mouse |
| Tim-3 (mouse):Fc (human) (rec.) | CHI-MF-111T3 | CHO cells | <0.06EU/µg | Mouse |
| Tim-3 (human):Fc (human) (rec.) | CHI-HF-210T3 | CHO cells | <0.06EU/µg | Human |
| Tim-3 (human):Fc (mouse) (rec.) | CHI-HF-211T3 | CHO cells | <0.06EU/µg | Human |
VALIDATED Antibodies for TIM-3 and Galectin-9 Research
| Product Name | PID | Isotype | Applications | Species |
| Tim-3 (mouse), mAb (TI 142F) | AG-20A-0030 | Rat IgG2aκ | ELISA, FACS | Mouse |
| Tim-3 (human), mAb (AG-IHC003) | AG-20B-6021 | Mouse IgG1 | IHC | Human |