Citrullinated LL-37 Monoclonal Antibody (Clone 6A8)

LL-37 is a cationic α-helical peptide expressed in human bone marrow, testis, granulocytes, and gingival epithelium and a variety of immune cells. It has antimicrobial and antiviral activity, and protein levels of LL-37 are increased in epithelial cells, macrophages, and neutrophils following bacterial infection in vitro. LL-37 can be citrullinated by protein arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) and PAD4, a modification that reduces its antibacterial and antiviral activities. Citrullinated, unlike native, LL-37 does not prevent mortality in a mouse model of D-galactosamine-sensitized endotoxic shock. Citrullinated LL-37 has been found in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), as well as the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and individuals without RA.