Parthenolide

Anticancer and antiangiogenic compound. Induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and autophagy in various cancer cell lines. At low concentrations acts as antioxidant reducing oxidative stress generated through the TCR signaling pathway. At high concentration induces O2- and causes oxidative-stress-mediated apoptosis. Potent anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic agent. NF-κB inhibitor by directly targeting IκB kinase. NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor. Inhibits ATPase activity of NLRP3 and protease activity of caspase 1. Specifically inhibits HDAC1 without affecting other class I/II HDACs. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitor. Reduces the expression of VEGF and its receptors VEGRF1 and 2. Microtubule-interfering compound, inhibiting cell migration and tubule formation. Anti-leishmanial and anti-trypanosomal agent.