AdipoGen Life Sciences

anti-Polyglutamate chain (polyE), pAb (IN105)

CHF 460.00
In stock
AG-25B-0030-C05050 µgCHF 460.00
More Information
Product Details
Product Type Polyclonal Antibody
Properties
Source/Host Rabbit
Immunogen/Antigen Polyglutamate peptide.
Application

Immunocytochemistry: (1:5'000)
Immunohistochemistry: (paraffin sections; 1:1000)
Western Blot: (1:2'000)

Crossreactivity All
Specificity

Recognizes C-terminally located linear alpha-glutamate chains of 4 and more glutamate residues.

Purity Detail Epitope-affinity purified.
Concentration Lot dependent
Formulation Liquid. In PBS containing 0.02% sodium azide.
Isotype Negative Control

Rabbit IgG

Shipping and Handling
Shipping BLUE ICE
Short Term Storage +4°C
Long Term Storage +4°C
Handling Advice Do not freeze.
Use/Stability Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at +4°C.
Documents
MSDS Download PDF
Product Specification Sheet
Datasheet Download PDF
Description

Microtubules are key elements of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton that dynamically assemble from heterodimers of α- and β-tubulin. Two different mechanisms can generate microtubule diversity: the expression of different α- and β-tubulin genes, referred to as tubulin isotypes, and the generation of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) on α- and β-tubulin. Tubulin PTMs include the well-known acetylation or phosphorylation, and others that have so far mostly been found on tubulin, detyrosination/tyrosination, polyglutamylation and polyglycylation. These PTMs might have evolved to specifically regulate tubulin and microtubule functions. Polyglutamylation is a PTM that occurs when secondary glutamate side chains are formed on γ-carboxyl groups of glutamate residues in a protein. Enzymes catalyzing polyglutamylation belong to the TTL-like (TTLL; Tubulin tyrosine ligase-like) family of glutamylases. Deglutamylases, the enzymes that reverse polyglutamylation, were identified within a novel family of CCPs (cytosolic carboxypeptidase). Subtle differences in polyglutamylation can be seen on diverse microtubules in different cell types. The functions of these modifications remain to be studied. However, its wide distribution strengthens the idea that it could be involved in fine-tuning a range of microtubule functions. PolyE labels centrioles as they mature, such that two foci are present throughout the cell cycle.

Product References
  1. Tubulin polyglutamylation stimulates spastin-mediated microtubule severing: B. Lacroix, et al.; J. Cell Biol. 189, 945 (2010)
  2. Microtubule detyrosination guides chromosomes during mitosis: M. Barisic, et al.; Science 348, 6236 (2015) (Supplement)
  3. Zika virus causes supernumerary foci with centriolar proteins and impaired spindle positioning: B. Wolf, et al.; Open Bio 7, 160231 (2017)
  4. Alterations in the balance of tubulin glycylation and glutamylation inphotoreceptors leads to retinal degeneration: M. Bosch Grau, et al.; J. Cell. Sci. 130, 938 (2017)
  5. Spastin regulates VAMP7-containing vesicles trafficking in cortical neurons: C. Plaud, et al.; BBA - Molecular Basis of Disease 1863, 1666 (2017)
  6. iPSCs from a Hibernator Provide a Platform for Studying Cold Adaptation and Its Potential Medical Applications: J. Ou, et al.; Cell 173, 1 (2018)
  7. Imaging cellular ultrastructures using expansion microscopy (U-ExM): D. Gambarotto, et al.; Nat. Methods 16, 71 (2018)
  8. Essential function of the alveolin network in the subpellicular microtubules and conoid assembly in Toxoplasma gondii: N. Tosetti, et al.; eLife, Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 9, e56635 (2020)
  9. Mutation of NEKL-4/NEK10 and TTLL genes suppress neuronal ciliary degeneration caused by loss of CCPP-1 deglutamylase function: K.M. Power, et al.; PLoS Genet. 16, e1009052 (2020)
  10. Light microscopy of proteins in their ultrastructural context: O. M'Saad & J. Bewersdorf; Nat. Commun. 11, 3850 (2020)
  11. Tubulin glycylation controls axonemal dynein activity, flagellar beat, and male fertility: S. Gadadhar, et al.; Science 371, eabd4914 (2021)
  12. Essential function of the alveolin network in the subpellicular microtubules and conoid assembly in Toxoplasma gondii: N. Tosetti, et al.; eLife 9, e56635 (2021)
  13. Proteomic analysis of Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis flagella reveal unique post-translational modifications in tubulin that provide clues to regulation of their motilities: A. Sudhakar, et al.; Proteomics e2100004 (2021)
  14. Regulators of tubulin polyglutamylation control nuclear shape and cilium disassembly by balancing microtubule and actin assembly: L. Wang, et al.; Nature Cell Res. 32, 190 (2022)
  15. Septin-microtubule association via a motif unique to the isoform 1 of septin 9 tunes stress fibers: M. Kuzmic, et al.; J. Cell Sci. 135, 258850 (2022)
  16. ER proteins decipher the tubulin code to regulate organelle distribution: P. Zheng, et al.; Nature 601, 132 (2022)
  17. TissUExM enables quantitative ultrastructural analysis in whole vertebrate embryos by expansion microscopy: E. Steib, et al.; Cell Rep. Methods 2, 100311 (2022)
  18. Visualizing the native cellular organization by coupling cryofixation with expansion microscopy (Cryo-ExM): M.H. Laporte, et al.; Nat. Meth. 19, 216 (2022)
  19. Choroid plexuses carry nodal-like cilia that undergo axoneme regression from early adult stage: KH. Ho, et al.; Dev. Cell ahead of print (2023)
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