IL-1β (human) ELISA Kit

The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family is a central mediator of innate immunity and inflammation. IL-1 family members are associated with both the development and progression of inflammatory diseases and have been linked to neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. The IL-1 family of cytokines has 11 members, which are further subdivided into three groups, the IL-1, IL-18 and IL-36 subfamilies. The IL-1 cytokine subfamily includes agonists (IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-33) as well as receptor antagonist IL-1Ra. IL-1β and IL-1α exert similar biological effects acting on receptor IL-1R, eliciting pro-inflammatory actions. Unlike IL-1α which is both constitutively expressed and active in its 31kDa pro-form, IL-1β is only produced in its inactive 35kDa pro-form following priming signals, such as pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs) and is subsequently cleaved to its 17kDa active form following inflammasome activation in damaged or diseased states. IL-1β is expressed by activated macrophages and monocytes. Active IL-1β has known roles in initiating and propagating sterile inflammation, including macrophage recruitment, activation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and modulating chemokine expression. IL-1β, inflammatory caspases and inflammasomes play important roles in several diseases such as sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, neuronal injuries, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, cerebral ischemic cell death, multiple sclerosis and Down syndrome. Some human hereditary or acquired diseases have been linked to elevated IL-1β such as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndroms (CAPS) directly linked to NLRP3 mutations.