anti-Gasdermin D (mouse), pAb (IN110)

Inflammasomes are multimeric protein complexes that comprise a sensor (e.g. NLRP3), an adaptor (ASC/Pycard) and the procaspase-1. An inflammasome assembles in response to a diverse range of pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). The inflammasome platform leads to activation of caspase-1, which further induces maturation of interleukin-1β and -18 (IL-1β and IL-18) through proteolytic cleavage of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18. Activated caspase-1, and also the recently characterized caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome pathway, also cleave the intracellular gasdermin D, which leads to a particular form of inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis. The gasdermin family members contain N-terminal domains that are capable of forming membrane pores to induce cytolysis, whereas the C-terminal domains of gasdermins function as inhibitors of such cytolysis through intramolecular domain association. Caspase-1 or -11 cleavage of gasdermin D is required for regulation of pyroptosis: upon protease cleavage of the gasdermin N- and C-domain linker, the disruption of the intramolecular domain interaction in the presence of lipids releases the N-domain to assemble oligomeric membrane pores that trigger cell death. Gasdermin D seems to be a key effector in the LPS-induced lethal sepsis.