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PD-1 [CD279]/PD-L1 [CD274] Pathway
PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein 1; CD279) is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the CD28/CTLA-4 family of immune receptors. PD-L1 (CD274; B7-H1) and PD-L2 (B7-DC; CD273) are immuno-coinhibitory ligands of the B7 family binding to PD-1. The PD-1/PD-L1 or PD-L2 signaling pathway is a negative regulatory mechanism that inhibits T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction enhances antitumor immunity. The PD-1 pathway plays a major role in the inhibition of self-reactive T cells and protection against autoimmune diseases. PD-1 and PD-L1 also exist as soluble forms. Elevated levels of soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) are shown in rheumatoid arthritis, skin sclerosis and autoimmune hepatitis. Levels of sPD-L1 are increased in the plasma of cancer patients as well as in cerebrospinal fluid of gliomas. sPD-L1 is a biomarker of poor survival in patients with B cell lymphoma, renal cell carcinoma, metastatic melanoma or lung cancer and is associated with advanced tumor stages.
LIT: PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in cancer treatment: perspectives and issues: J. Hamanishi, et al.; Int. J. Clin. Oncol. 21, 462 (2016) • PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint: Potential target for cancer therapy: F.K. Dermani, et al.; J. Cell Physiol. 234, 1313 (2019)
NEW: PD-1 (human) ELISA Kit - Biomarker for Immuno-Oncology & Autoimmune Diseases
The PD-1 (human) ELISA Kit (Prod. No. AG-45B-0015) is a sandwich ELISA for specific quantitative determination of human soluble PD-1 in serum, plasma and cell culture supernatants. This ELISA Kit shows a very high specificity and sensitivity (1.6pg/ml).
NEW: PD-L1 (human) ELISA Kit - Tumor Biomarker for Poor Survival Prognosis
The PD-L1 (human) ELISA Kit (Prod. No. AG-45B-0016) is a sandwich ELISA for specific quantitative determination of human soluble PD-L1 in serum, plasma and cell culture supernatants. This ELISA Kit shows a very high specificity and sensitivity (0.8pg/ml).
PD-L1 (mouse):Fc (mouse) (rec.) - Biologically Active Proteins
PD-L1 (mouse):Fc (mouse) (rec.) (Prod. No. CHI-MF-110PDL1) is a biologically active recombinant fusion protein that inhibits anti-CD3/CD28 antibody-induced proliferation of mouse T lymphocytes.
| Biological Activity: T cells from C57BL/6 mice were activated with coated anti-CD3/CD28 and PD-L1-Fc or control antibody (10µg/ml). Plots illustrate the percentage of dividing cells by using anti-CD44 and the dye Cell Trace Violet (CTV). . |
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UNIQUE anti-PD-1 (mouse), mAb (blocking) (1H10)
AdipoGen Life Sciences' anti-PD-1 (mouse), mAb (blocking) (1H10) (Prod. No. AG-20B-0075) is a monoclonal antibody that recognizes mouse PD-1 and works specifically in Flow Cytometry and Functional Application. The antibody blocks PD-1 binding and induces a rapid activation and proliferation of T cells at concentration of 0.25µg/2x105 cells. The antibody is available with or without preservatives.
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Figure: PD-1 receptor-induced CD4 T cell activation and proliferation by PD-1 (mouse), mAb (blocking) (1H10) (AG-20B-0075).
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NEW IHC-Competent Antibodies for PD-1 and PD-L1 Staining
AdipoGen Life Sciences' anti-PD-1 (human), mAb (AG-IHC001) (Prod. No. AG-20B-6020) and anti-PD-L1 (human), mAb (AG-IHC411) (Prod. No. AG-20B-6022) are monoclonal antibodies that recognize human PD-1 and PD-L1, respectively, and work specifically in Immunohistochemistry Application. The antibodies are available in catalog and BULK sizes.
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Figure: IHC Staining of PD-1 in human tonsil tissue using anti-PD-1 (human), mAb (AG-IHC001) (Prod. No. AG-20B-6020) (left side). Figure: IHC Staining of PD-L1 in human lung tissue using anti-PD-L1 (human), mAb (AG-IHC411) (Prod. No. AG-20B-6022) (right side). |
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Biologically Active PD-1 and PD-L1 Proteins
| Product Name | PID | Source | Endotoxin | Species |
| PD-1 (mouse):Fc (mouse) (rec.) | CHI-MF-110PD1 | CHO cells | <0.06EU/µg | Mouse |
| PD-1 (mouse):Fc (human) (rec.) | CHI-MF-111PD1 | HEK 293 cells | <0.06EU/µg | Mouse |
| PD-1 (human) (rec.) (untagged) | CHI-HF-200PD1 | HEK 293 cells | <0.01EU/µg | Human |
| PD-1 (human) (rec.) (His) | CHI-HF-201PD1 | HEK 293 cells | <0.01EU/µg | Human |
| PD-1 (human):Fc (human) (rec.) | CHI-HF-210PD1 | CHO cells | <0.06EU/µg | Human |
| PD-1 (human):Fc (human) (rec.) (non-lytic) | CHI-HF-220PD1 | CHO cells | <0.06EU/µg | Human |
| PD-1 (human):Fc (mouse) (rec.) | CHI-HF-211PD1 | HEK 293 cells | <0.005EU/µg | Human |
| PD-L1 (mouse):Fc (mouse) (rec.) (non-lytic) | CHI-MF-120PDL1 | CHO cells | <0.06EU/µg | Mouse |
| PD-L1 (human) (rec.) (untagged) | CHI-HF-200PDL1 | HEK 293 cells | <0.01EU/µg | Human |
| PD-L1 (human) (rec.) (His) | CHI-HF-201PDL1 | HEK 293 cells | <0.01EU/µg | Human |
| PD-L1 (human):Fc (human) (rec.) | CHI-HF-210PDL1 | CHO cells | <0.06EU/µg | Human |
| PD-L1 (human):Fc (human) (rec.) (non-lytic) | CHI-HF-220PDL1 | CHO cells | <0.06EU/µg | Human |
| PD-L1 (human):Fc (mouse) (rec.) | CHI-HF-211PDL1 | HEK 293 cells | <0.005EU/µg | Human |
| PD-L2 (mouse):Fc (mouse) (rec.) | CHI-MF-110PDL2 | CHO cells | <0.06EU/µg | Mouse |
| PD-L2 (human):Fc (human) (rec.) | CHI-HF-210PDL2 | CHO cells | <0.06EU/µg | Human |
| PD-L2 (human):Fc (human) (rec.) (non-lytic) | CHI-HF-220PDL2 | CHO cells | <0.06EU/µg | Human |
| PD-L2 (human):Fc (mouse) (rec.) | CHI-HF-211PDL2 | CHO cells | <0.06EU/µg | Human |
| Other PD-1 and PD-L1 Proteins |
VALIDATED Antibodies for PD-1 and PD-L1 Research
| Product Name | PID | Isotype | Applications | Species |
| PD-1 (mouse), mAb (blocking) (1H10) (PF) | AG-20B-0075PF | Rat IgG2aκ | FACS, FUNC | Mouse |
| PD-1 (human), mAb (ANC4H6) |
ANC-279-020 |
Mouse IgG1κ | FACS | Human |
| PD-1 (human), mAb (AG-IHC001) | AG-20B-6020 | Mouse IgG1κ | IHC, | Human |
| PD-L1 (human), mAb (ANC6H1) |
ANC-274-020 |
Mouse IgG1κ | FACS | Human |
| PD-L1 (human), mAb (AG-IHC411) | AG-20B-6022 | Mouse IgG1κ | IHC, | Human |
| PD-L2 (human), mAb (ANC8D12) |
ANC-273-020 |
Mouse IgG2aκ | FACS, FUNC | Human |